Network Topologies A network topology is the arrangement of nodes -- usually switches , routers , or software switch/router features -- and connections in a network, often represented as a graph. The topology of the network, and the relative locations of the source and destination of traffic flows on the network, determine the optimum path for each flow and the extent to which redundant options for routing exist in the event of a failure. There are two ways of defining network geometry: the physical topology and the logical (or signal) topology. The physical topology of a network is the layout of nodes and physical connections, including wires ( Ethernet , DSL ), fiber optics , and microwave . There are several common physical topologies, as described below and as shown in the illustration. Types of physical topologies In the B us network topology, every node is connected in series along a linear path....